Ethics in the Science Classroom
Part 3, Resources
In this section we list books, articles, videos, and websites that are useful resources for preparation for, or use, in classes that integrate ethics and values into the teaching of science. No doubt there are many other valuable resources that are readily available in this growing area of interest.
- Annas, G. and M. Grodin, The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
- Bebeau, M., K. Pimple, K. Muskavitch, D. Smith, and S. Borden, Moral Reasoning in Scientific Research: Cases for teaching and Assessment (Bloomington, IN: Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics, 1995).
- Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Publication no. OS 8-0012 (Washington, D.C.: DHEW, 1978).
- Benditt, J., G. Taubes, J. Cohen, and E. Marshal, "Conduct in Science," Science, 268, 23 June 1995, pp. 1705-1718.
- Broad, W. and N. Wade, Betrayers of Truth (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983).
- Brown, M., Laying Waste (New York: Pantheon Books, 1979).
- Callahan, D. and S. Bok, Ethics Teaching in Higher Education (New York: Plenum, 1980).
- Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, On Being a Scientist, 2nd ed. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1995).
- Damon, W., The Moral Child (New York: Free Press, 1988).
- Fourtner, A., C.R. Fourtner, and C.F. Herreid, "Bad Blood--A Case Study of the Tuskegee Syphilis Project," Journal of College Science Teaching, March/April 1994, pp. 277-285.
- Gibbs, Lois, Love Canal: My Story, as told to Murray Levine (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1981).
- Gilligan, C., In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982).
- Glass, Bentley, Science and Ethical Values (Chapel Hill, NC: The Univ. of N. Carolina Press, 1965).
- Goldfarb, T., Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Environmental Issues, 8th ed. (Guilford, CT: Dushkin Publishing Group, 1999).
- Gray, F.D., The Tuskegee Syphilis Study (Montgomery, AL: Black Belt Press, 1998).
- Jackson, I., Honor in Science (New Haven, CT: Sigma Xi, 1986).
- Jennings, B., K. Nolan, CS. Campbell, S. Donnelley, New Choices, New Responsibilities: Ethical Issues in the Life Sciences (Briarcliff Manor, NY: The Hastings Center, 1990). [A teaching resource on bioethics for high school biology. A second edition in preparation.]
- Jones, J.H., Bad Blood (New York, Free Press, 1993).
- Kevles, D.J. and L. Hood, The Code of Codes (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992).
- Kohlberg, L., Essays on Moral Development, Vols. I-II (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981, 1984).
- Kohn, A., False Prophets: Fraud and Error in Science and Medicine (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986).
- Korenman, S., and A. Schipp, Teaching the Responsible Conduct of Research Through a Case Study Approach (Washington, D.C.: American Association of Medical Colleges, 1994).
- Macrina, F.L., Scientific Integrity: An Introductory Text With Cases (Herndon, VA: ASM Press, 1995).
- Martin, M., "The Goals of Science Education," Thinking, 4(2), 1985, pp. 19-22.
- Martin, M., "Science Education and Moral Education," Journal of Moral Education, 15(2), 1986, pp. 99-108.
- Matthews, M.R., Science Teaching: The Role of History and Philosophy of Science (New York: Routledge, 1994).
- Miller, D.J. and M. Hersen, Research Fraud in the Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992).
- National Academy of Science, Responsible Science: Executive Summary (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1992)
- Nelkin, D. and M.S. Lindee, The DNA Mystique: The Gene as a Culture Icon (New York: Freeman, 1995).
- Penslar. R.L., ed., Research Ethics: Cases and Materials (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995).
- Pritchard, M.S., Reasonable Children (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1996).
- Rest, J. R., "Moral Development in Young Adults," in R. Mines and K. Kitchener, eds., Adult Cognitive Development: Methods and Models (New York: Praeger, 1986), pp. 92-111.
- Sayre, A., Rosalind Franklin and DNA (New York: Norton, 1975).
- Sieber, J.E., Planning Ethically Responsible Research (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992).
- Stern, J.E. and D. Elliott, The Ethics of Scientific Research: A Guidebook for Course Development (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1997.
- Watson, J., The Double Helix (New York: Atheneum, 1968).
- Ziman, J., An Introduction to Science Studies: The Philosophical and Social Aspects of Science and Technology (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984).
- "Academic Integrity," produced at the Center for Applied Ethics, Duke University, 1995. Contact P. Aarne Vesilind: 919-660-5204. (4 vignettes in which college students are portrayed making decisions about fabricating data, cheating on tests, plagiarism, and whistleblowing.)
- "Biomedical Research: Is It Really Necessary?," produced by Lockwood Films, London, Canada, 1993. Available from Partners in Research: 519-433-7866.
- "The Deadly Deception," NOVA, written, produced and directed by D. Di Anni, WGBH Boston, 1993. Distributed by Films for the Humanities, P.O. Box 205, Princeton, NJ 08543-3053.
- "Do Scientists Cheat?", produced by NOVA. No longer distributed, but written transcripts available from Journal Graphics: 1-800-825-5746. [The video is in the collection of many libraries, academic institution and other archives from which it may be borrowed. One such source is the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, phone (608) 263-3512, fax to (608) 263-4031, e-mail to hamel@primate.wisc.edu, write to the Primate Center Library, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, or request it (video #VT0113) through interlibrary loan at your local library.]
- "Ethics and Scientific Research," in Ethical Issues in Professional Life series. Available from: GPN, P.O. Box 80669, Lincoln, Nebraska 68501-0669. Phone: 1-800-228-4630. Website for entire series: http://gpn.unl.edu. (Features Robert Sprague, whistleblower in the Bruening case.)
- "Evolving Concerns: Protection of Human Subjects," produced for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by the National Library of Medicine.
- "Gilbane Gold," produced by and available from the National Society of Professional Engineers's Institute for Engineering Ethics: 703-684-2800. (Fictional dramatization of situation raising questions of whistleblowing, environmental protection, business ethics, and journalistic ethics.)
- "Group Dynamics: Groupthink," CRM Films, 1995. Available from CRM Films, 249 South Highway 101, Suite 514, Solana Beach, California 92075. Or call CRM Films: 1-800-421-0833. (Application of Irving Janis's "symptoms of groupthink" to the Challenger disaster.)
- "Moral Development," produced by McGraw-Hill, CRM films. Available from McGraw-Hill Films, 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020. (A simulation of Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments, with an analysis in terms of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development.)
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"Obedience," produced by Stanley Milgram. Available from Penn State Audio Visual Services, University Park, PA: 814-6314. (Original footage from Milgram's famous obedience experiments, which raised fundamental questions about deceiving research subjects.)
- "The Race for the Double Helix," a BBC/Horizon Films/A&E 1987 production. Distributed by Films for the Humanities and Sciences, P.O. Box 205, Princeton, NJ 08543-2053.
- "Scientific Research Integrity Video Series," directed by Mark S. Frankel and Albert H. Teich, sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 1996. Contact AAAS: 202-326-6600. (Five short vignettes portraying ethical issues in laboratory research.)
- "Susceptibility to Kindness," produced by Larry I. Palmer. Available from Cornell University: 607-255-2080 excerpts from David Feldshuh's play, Miss Evers' Boys, dramatization of the 1932-1972 Tuskegee Syphilis Study, with commentary by governments officials, nurses, physicians, and James Jones, author of Bad Blood.)
Here we list just a few websites that seem especially useful. Our
exploration of the internet is by no means exhaustive, and the internet changes daily. Still, one thing leads to another. Websites typically contain links to other websites. So, try these and see where they take you.
- http://www.onlineethics.org
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This is the WWWeb Ethics Center for Science and Engineering. It contains a wide variety of useful resources and links on research ethics, moral leaders in science and engineering, women and minorities in science and engineering, and codes of ethics. Try the Education bullet for some good links.
- http://www.bsu.edu/classes/hendrix
- This is the bioethical case studies site of Dr. J. R. Hendrix and University Computing Services of Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Six case study scenarios are presented along with Dr.Hendrix' model for bioethical educational analysis.
- http://k12s.phast.umass.edu/~ethics/index.html
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The
University of Massachusetts K-12 ethics education site. Contains a course syllabus and links to other ethics education sites.
- http://www.awesomelibrary.org/cgi-bin/search-aw1.cgi
- The Awesome Library site. Search under ethics and ethics center for useful sites and references on a variety of ethics topics and issues.
- http://www.enc.org/rf/index.htm
- This is the search page on the Eisenhower National Clearinghouse site. Search under ethics for a variety of useful resources.
- http://www.ethics.ubc.ca/
- This is the Home Page of the University of British Columbia's Centre for Applied Ethics. It contains numerous links to applied ethics sites including Health Care Ethics, Business Ethics, Professional Ethics, Science and Technology Ethics, Environmental Ethics, Animal Rights, Media Ethics, and Computer Ethics. From the Home Page click on the Applied Ethics Resources on World Wide Web button.
- http://www.accessexcellence.org/21st/TL/TBE/
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Genevieve M. Nelson's bioethics teaching site. Good links to other sources.
- http://www.gene.com/gene/index.jsp
- Biotech issues
- http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/ELSI.html
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's ELSI Project. Materials for middle and high school
- http://www.wmich.edu/ethics/
- This is Western Michigan University's Center for the Study of Ethics in Society.